Elevated homocysteine levels in the blood increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases by promoting the development of atherosclerosis and thrombogenesis. Choline molecules can be converted to Betaine which can reduce homocysteine concentration in the blood. Choline is found to slow the progression of hypertension and alleviate cardiac, renal and vascular damage.

Choline can improve detoxification in the liver. It is essential in the formation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) which transport fat out of the liver to be converted to energy in the muscles. Without VLDL, the fat would build up in the liver which can cause serious damage if left unchecked.

Those who have a high consumption of alcohol are prone to suffer from fatty liver as the liver requires more choline molecules to function properly. Lack of choline has been associated with hepatic lipid accumulation, increased incidence of spontaneous fatty liver, and organ dysfunction.

The brain cannot synthesize choline, and its choline uptake from circulation significantly decreases with age. This choline reduction has been linked to degeneration of membrane phospholipids in neurodegenerative disorders, and loss in cholinergic neurons activity in the affected regions of the brain.

Choline molecules support brain functions in various ways from maintaining cell walls fluidity for effective nutrient uptake and transport, to delaying symptoms of cognitive impairments and memory decline that comes with aging.